Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa glycoprotein from the transferrin family, found in highest concentrations in colostrum (7–14 mg/mL) and secreted by neutrophils during infection. Its iron-binding capacity (250x greater affinity than transferrin) creates the foundation for antimicrobial activity, while its direct binding to bacterial membranes, viral receptors, and immune cell surface molecules gives it remarkable pleiotropic activity.

Is bovine lactoferrin as effective as human lactoferrin?

Bovine lactoferrin shares 69% amino acid homology with human lactoferrin. Clinical studies use bovine lactoferrin almost exclusively, with consistent documented benefits. Human lactoferrin would be more expensive and impractical to produce at scale.

Who benefits most from lactoferrin supplementation?

Individuals with chronic infections, iron dysregulation, gut barrier issues, or immune aging (those 60+) may benefit most. Athletes under heavy training load may also benefit from immune support effects.