Most clinical trials administer lactoferrin in the fasted state (30–60 minutes before meals) to maximize delivery of intact protein to duodenal lactoferrin receptors (LfR1) before dilution and pH changes from food consumption. However, lactoferrin retains bioactivity even when taken with food, and the choice may be secondary to consistency of daily use.

Does coffee affect lactoferrin absorption?

Black coffee (without milk/cream) contains minimal iron and has no documented significant interaction with lactoferrin. Taking lactoferrin with plain coffee or tea (without milk) in the morning is acceptable.

Should I avoid eating calcium-rich foods with lactoferrin?

Dairy products in a meal will provide casein and fat that may moderate lactoferrin's gastric degradation (beneficial) but also compete for mucosal receptor binding (minor effect). The net practical impact of meal calcium content on lactoferrin activity is small.