Lactoferrin (LF) is a 692-amino acid glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin superfamily. It was first isolated from bovine milk in 1939 and from human milk in 1960. Its name derives from lac (milk) and ferrin (iron-binding). Understanding lactoferrin's basic biology is essential for evaluating its supplemental applications.

Is bovine lactoferrin the same as human lactoferrin?

Bovine lactoferrin shares approximately 69% amino acid sequence identity with human lactoferrin. Key functional domains — the iron-binding clefts, the lactoferricin region, and receptor-binding sites — are highly conserved. Clinical trials with bovine lactoferrin in humans demonstrate biological activity consistent with the human lactoferrin literature.

Is lactoferrin safe if I am lactose intolerant?

Yes. Lactoferrin is a protein, not a carbohydrate. Lactose intolerance is a deficiency of the enzyme lactase which digests lactose, a sugar. Bovine lactoferrin supplements contain no significant lactose. Lactose intolerance is not a contraindication to lactoferrin supplementation.